The non-context-based approach is used for the synthesis of spectral reflectance curves of objects with known CIEXYZ tristimulus values. The method introduces two sets of features, i.e., the standard color-matching functions normalised by their sum in each wavelength and a group of two sigmoidal and one Gaussian bases that approximately fit the first set. The assigned spectra for the desired tristimulus colorimetric values are calculated using an additive color-mixing approach. Results of different methodologies are numerically compared in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE), goodness fit coefficient (GFC), and CIELAB color difference values between the actual and synthesised spectra. It is found that the synthesised spectra by the suggested primaries better resemble the actual behaviours of spectral reflectances of natural and synthetic objects in comparison to using three Gaussian primaries. Compared to other context and non-context-based approaches to spectral reconstruction, the suggested method is faster and does not require iterative optimisation.

The term "Non- Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)" is applied when sonographic and pathologic view of liver shows alcoholic hepatitis changes without history of alcohol consumption. Radiologic findings can easily make the diagnosis and liver biopsy confirms the initial suspicion. It is showed that up to 43.5% of patients with asymptomatic abnormal liver transferases levels have some degrees of NASH, which suggest the importance of being familiar with the issue and how to approach and treat it. NASH is commonly accompanied with diabetes mellitus (especially type II), obesity and hyperlipidemia. These findings support the theory in which insulin resistance is the mainstay of NASH pathophysiology. The natural history of NASH is unclear but surely it is far better than alcoholic related liver disease. It is estimated that up to 8% of patients would meet cirrhosis, considering risk factors such as obesity and features found in biopsy specimen. Steatosis, polymorphonuclear lobular inflammation, ballooning degeneration, hyaline- Mallory bodies and cirrhosis are among different pathologies seen in biopsy. It is important to rule out other chronic liver diseases including drug induced liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, and metabolic and autoimmune liver diseases to establish the diagnosis of NASH. There is no definite treatment for NASH. Therapeutic measures are categorized as reducing risk factors and using hepatocellular protective agents. The former includes weight reduction, treating hyperinsulinemia and diabetes, control of hypertriglyceridemia and leptin. Protective agents are anti-oxidants like vitamin E and/ or C, probucol, silymarin, ursodeoxycholic acid, reducing iron load, N-acetyl cystein, food supplements and cytokines. Increasing rate of NASH is reported among children and adolescences, which could be due to growing amount of obesity in these age groups.

Background: The most frequently used test for evaluation of fetal health is the Non Stress Test (NST). Unfortunately it has a high incidence of false positive results. The combination of vibroacoustic stimulation with the NTS has been shown to reduce non reactive results.Methods: A tests assessment method was chosen with a simple randomized sampling. 40 pregnant women with non reactive NST in the first 20 minutes who received VAS in one of Tehran University's Hospitals were compared with BPP scores. A vibroacoustic stimulation was applied for a 3 seconds on the maternal abdomen and fallowed within 10 minutes. Data collection tools were NST, sonography instruments, NST result paper, tooth brusher, watch, demographic questioner and check list. Data analysis was made by descriptive static and by using the Fisher's Exact Test (with level of significant at p<0/05). All statistical analysis were performed using an spss/win.Results: After VAS, 70% of non reactive tracing became reactive. All cases with fetal reactivity response after a VAS had a subsequent BPP score of 8 (negative predictive value of 100%). False positivity of VAS was lower than NST.Conclusion: VAS offers benefits, by decreasing the incidence of non reactive test and reducing test time. VAS lowers the rate of false positive NST. VAS is safe and allows more efficient of prenatal services. This test could be used as a rapid antepartum test to predict fetal well-being.

Garlic medicinal plant powder is significant from a commercial perspective and is widely used as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Spectroscopic techniques serve as non-destructive methods for assessing the quality of food products, medicinal plants, and related products. In the present study, the efficiency and potential of two widely used modes, reflectance and intractance, in near-infrared spectroscopy in the range of 936 to 1660 nm were compared to assess the feasibility of distinguishing fresh garlic powder. In each spectroscopy mode, 120 spectra in 2 replicates were obtained from garlic powder samples, resulting in a total of 240 spectra. Prior to modeling, 25% of the spectra were randomly selected for validation, while the remaining spectra were used to compile the models. To mitigate potential noise, the impact of common pre-processing methods on the performance of the artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifiers was investigated. The principle components analysis (PCA) technique was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral variables, and the first four principal components were used as classifiers inputs. In the intractance spectroscopy condition, the SVM and KNN classifiers separated spectra obtained from powders at 3 days, 3 months, and 12 months with 100% accuracy. The ANN classifier achieved 100% accuracy in distinguishing the mentioned spectra in all preprocessing conditions under investigation, except for the raw spectra (without preprocessing). Near-infrared spectroscopy in the 1660-936 nm range, combined with chemometrics, is effective for quickly detecting the freshness of garlic powder. Considering its ease of application in both industrial and laboratory settings, intractance spectroscopy mode is superior to reflectance mode.

Relative diffuse reflection measurements from the original and ground surfaces using a He-Ne laser are reported. The intensity measurements for the metallic, transparent dielectric, matte plastic surfaces and colored papers are presented. Our results indicate that among metallic surfaces tested, aluminum has the highest diffuse reflectance; while the original stainless steel surface shows the lowest. The primary result is that for the ground metallic surfaces, there seems to be an optimum condition and roughness that result in the maximum diffuse reflection. For the color matte plastics, the yellow color has the highest diffuse reflectance and the black one shows the lowest. For the colored papers the yellow paint shows a maximum diffuse reflectance; whereas the gray one has the lowest diffuse reflectance. Our results agree with the theoretical predictions and also with the other experimental results.

Background and aim: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are one of the most prevalent malignancies of the human. Although the morality rate is not high for these cancers, they may cause high morbility for the patients. In addition to the skin type, factors such as sun exposure, head and neck radiotherapy, inappropriate use of sunscreen and cultural changes may increase the incidence of these cancers. The objective of this study was to determine NMSC in Isfahan.Materials and Methods: We used data of the cancer resistery center for performing this study and the incidence of NMSC per 100,000 populations was determined. Results: Overall 1681 cases were registered. The incidence of NMSC was calculated to be 10.67/100,000population. The most common site for BCC and SCC was middle face. Conclusion: NMSC incidence in Isfahan is lower than west countries although this incidence is 10.67/100,000in a year. It means that 5-6 thousand cases of NMSC occur in Iran each year. We can prevent its morbidity and mortality by early correct diagnosis.

Isolated non compaction of left ventricular myocardium is a rare cardiomyopathy due to abnormal endomyocardialmorphogenesis.The incidence of non compaction cardiomyopathy in the general population has been estimated at 0.05% to 0.25% per year.NCCMP is a heart muscle disorder that is still little known among physicians and was first described in 1984 by engberding and bender.Echocardiography is diagnostic method of choice.We report our recent experience with six NCCM patients who present at our hospital between September2011and April 2012. Three patients were with severe symptoms, two patients with mild symptoms and one patient was asymptomatic. serial follow up and medical management is advisable in these patients for improving outcome.